Government - The Middle Ages | Britannica
www.britannica.com › topic › governmentThe legacy of the Middle Ages was so intractable that the emergence of nation-states was very slow. It may be argued, however, that the modern period was born during the reign of Henry VIII of England (reigned 1509–47), when that king more or less simultaneously declared himself head of the national church and his realm an empire—sovereign and unanswerable to any foreign potentate, particularly the pope .
The Government in Medieval Europe: Nursery of Democracy ...
timemaps.com › medieval-europe-government-warfareBy around 1000, the political map of Christian Europewas much as it would be for the rest of the Middle Ages. The leading state was the Holy Roman Empire, which covered modern-day Germany and Austria, Holland and Belgium, the Czech Republicand much of Italy. Other leading states in Europe were the kingdoms of France, England and Scotland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, Poland and Hungary, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula– Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and later Portugal.
History of Europe - The Middle Ages | Britannica
www.britannica.com › The-Middle-AgesIt has been traditionally held that by the 14th century the dynamic force of medieval civilization had been spent and that the late Middle Ages were characterized by decline and decay. Europe did indeed suffer disasters of war, famine, and pestilence in the 14th century, but many of the underlying social, intellectual, and political structures remained intact.